Kombinasi Artemisinin dan Ekstrak Moringa oleifera Menurunkan Ekspresi NF-κB namun Tidak Menurunkan Ekspresi iNOS pada Otak Mencit Diinfeksi Malaria
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.jkb.2015.028.03.6Abstract
Malaria otak merupakan manifestasi tersering dari infeksi malaria berat yang ditandai dengan respon inflamasi berlebih di otak. Untuk mencegah terjadinya resistensi, penggunaan obat antimalaria standar (artemisinin) harus dikombinasikan dengan obat antimalaria lain. Moringa oleifera, yang secara in vitro memiliki aktivitas antimalaria dan anti-inflamasi, merupakan kandidat obat untuk dikombinasikan dengan artemisinin. Penelitian dilakukan untuk menguji pengaruh kombinasi artemisinin dan ekstrak Moringa oleifera terhadap ekspresi NF-kB dan iNOS pada otak mencit model malaria. Penelitian eksperimental laboratorik ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan 36 ekor mencit Balb/C yang diinfeksi Plasmodium berghei ANKA sebagai model malaria. Sampel dibagi menjadi enam kelompok, masing-masing satu kelompok kontrol positif, kontrol negatif, pemberian artemisinin 0,12mg/hari (C0), dan tiga kelompok yang masing-masing mendapatkan kombinasi artemisinin 0,12mg/hari dan ekstrak daun kelor 3,75mg/hari (C1), 7,5mg/hari (C2) dan 15mg/hari (C3). Pengobatan diberikan setelah mencit mencapai derajat parasitemia 1-5% pasca inokulasi parasit secara intraperitoneal. Ekspresi NF-kB dan iNOS otak mencit diamati dengan metode imunohistokimia pada hari ke-3 dan ke-7 pasca infeksi. Pemberian kombinasi artemisinin 0,12mg/hari dan ekstrak Moringa oleifera 3,75mg/hari, 7,5mg/hari, dan 15 mg/hari, menyebabkan penurunan ekspresi NF-kB dan iNOS yang bermakna dibandingkan dengan kontrol positif (p<0,05). Perlakuan tersebut tidak menyebabkan penurunan ekspresi iNOS yang bermakna dibandingkan pemberian artemisinin 0,12mg/hari saja (p>0,05). Kombinasi ekstrak Moringa oleifera dengan artemisinin memberikan efek sinergis dalam penurunan derajat parasitemia dan ekspresi NF-kB, tetapi tidak untuk ekspresi iNOS di otak mencit yang diinfeksi malaria.
Kata Kunci: Artemisinin, iNOS, malaria otak, Moringa oleifera, NF-kB
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