Pengaruh Imunoterapi, Probiotik dan Jinten Hitam terhadap CD4+IFNγ, Eosinofil, dan Skor Asma
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.jkb.2015.028.03.5Abstract
Mekanisme patofisiologi asma terjadi berdasarkan proses inflamasi jalan nafas yang dipicu oleh limfosit T, dan berhubungan dengan berlebihnya produksi sitokin tipe 2 relatif terhadap sitokin tipe 1. Interferon-γ yang diproduksi oleh sel CD4+ merupakan antagonis IL-4 dan IL-5 yang berperan dalam patofisiologi asma. Pada asma juga terjadi eosinofilia bronkial yang merupakan penanda terjadinya proses inflamasi pada asma. Imunoterapi merupakan salah satu pengobatan pada asma yang menyebabkan pergeseran Th2 ke Th1 tetapi masih memliki beberapa keterbatasan, sehingga perlu penelitian baru mengenai ajuvan seperti probiotik dan jinten hitam untuk meningkatkan efektivitas dari imunoterapi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian probiotik dan jinten hitam terhadap jumlah CD4+IFNγ, eosinofil dan perbaikan klinis pada anak asma yang mendapatkan imunoterapi fase rumatan. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian randomized clinical trial. Sampel dibagi menjadi 4 kelompok (imunoterapi dan plasebo, imunoterapi dan probiotik, imunoterapi dan jinten hitam, serta imunoterapi, probiotik dan jinten hitam). Parameter imunologis diperiksa menggunakan flowcytometry dan perbaikan klinis dinilai menggunakan skor ACT. Penelitian ini menunjukkan tidak ada perbedaan bermakna dari CD4+IFNγ dan eosinofil darah jika dibandingkan antar 4 kelompok. Skor ACT menunjukkan perbedaan yang signifikan sebelum dan sesudah perlakuan pada semua kelompok. Dengan demikian, pemberian adjuvan probiotik atau jinten hitam, maupun kombinasi keduanya dapat meningkatkan perbaikan klinis pada penderita asma ringan, namun tidak menunjukkan perbedaan parameter imunologis antara lain CD4+IFNγ dan eosinofil.
Kata Kunci: ACT, asma, CD4+IFNγ, eosinofil, imunoterapi, jinten hitam, probiotik
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