Peningkatan Ekspresi IFN-γ pada Paru Mencit yang Diinduksi Protein Adhesin 38- kDa Mycobacterium tuberculosis dan ISCOM per Oral
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.jkb.2014.028.01.3Abstract
Studi menemukan bahwa vaksin tuberkulosis memberikan respon imun seluler bervariasi terhadap hemaglutinin protein 38 kDa M. tuberkulosis, suatu protein adhesin pada enterosit tikus. Protein tersebut dapat menginduksi sekresi S-IgA ke dalam lumen usus dan lumen bronkiolus. Immune stimulating complex (ISCOM) adalah bahan pembantu yang efektif meningkatkan respon kekebalan. Ekspresi IFN-γ menunjukkan respon imun seseorang terhadap mikroba seperti virus dan bakteri serta produknya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bahwa pemberian 38-kDa protein adhesin dengan atau tanpa kombinasi ajuvan ISCOM secara oral dapat menginduksi ekspresi IFN-γ pada jaringan paru mencit BALB/c. Metode eksperimental dilakukan dengan 4 kelompok, yaitu kelompok kontrol, kelompok terpapar protein adhesin 38-kDa, kelompok yang hanya terpapar ajuvan ISCOM dan kelompok terpapar kombinasi protein adhesin 38-kDa dengan ISCOM. Ekspresi IFN-γ diukur dengan pewarnaan imunohistokimia. Analisis statistik dengan Kruskall Wallis menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan ekspresi IFN-γ pada semua kelompok perlakuan. Uji perbandingan multipel Mann Whitney menyatakan bahwa terdapat peningkatan ekspresi IFN-γ secara signifikan dalam kombinasi protein adhesin dengan ajuvan ISCOM (mean±SD=126±17, p=0,000) bila dibandingkan dengan kelompok lain. Paparan dengan ISCOM saja mampu menginduksi ekspresi IFN-γ secara signifikan bila dibandingkan dengan kontrol (p=0,000). Pemberian protein adhesin 38 kDa M. tuberculosis mampu menstimulasi ekspresi IFN-γ pada jaringan paru mencit BALB/c, dan penambahan ISCOM akan meningkatkan efek.
Kata Kunci: 38-kDa adhesin protein, interferon gamma, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, oral vaccination , paru
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