Efek Hepatotoksik Jus Pinang Muda (Areca catechu) pada Tikus
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.jkb.2018.030.02.3Keywords:
Biji pinang, hepar, hepatotoksik, histopatologi, JambiAbstract
Hepatoksik akibat obat dan herbal merupakan penyebab kerusakan hepar yang menyebabkan morbiditas dan mortalitas. Jus pinang muda (Areca catechu) merupakan minuman herbal yang dikonsumsi oleh sebagian masyarakat di Jambi sebagai penambah stamina dengan takaran 5 biji pinang setara dengan 20gr/70kgBB atau 250mg/kgBB. Berdasarkan beberapa studi, pinang dosis 1000mg/kgBB dapat menurunkan kadar glukosa darah, sedangkan median lethal dose (LD 50) adalah >15.000mg/kgBB. Efek konsumsi jus pinang jangka panjang terhadap organ hepar belum diketahui. Penelitian ini merupakan uji pendahuluan untuk melihat efek pemberian jus pinang selama 45 hari terhadap organ hepar. Hewan coba adalah Rattus norvegicus galur Sprague Dawley, jantan, 2-3 bulan, berat 150-200 gram yang setelah diaklimatisasi dan dibagi secara random ke dalam 4 kelompok yaitu Kelompok I diberikan aquadest, kelompok II, III dan IV diberikan masing-masing jus pinang dosis 250mg/kgBB, 1.000mg/kgBB, dan 10.000mg/kgBB. Perlakuan diberikan sekali sehari selama 45 hari. Dilakukan pemeriksaan histopatologi menggunakan pewarnaan Hematoxillin Eosin. Hasil pemeriksaan histopatologi menunjukkan gambaran kerusakan tipe hepatoseluler yaitu perdarahan, dilatasi sinusoid, inflamasi portal, inflamasi lobular, lobular dissarray, nekrosis, interface hepatitis dan mikrosteatosis pada kelompok jus pinang dengan derajat kerusakan hepar pada dosis 10.000mg/kgBB lebih berat. Konsumsi jus pinang dosis 250-10.000mg/kgBB selama 45 hari dapat menimbulkan kerusakan hepar pada tikus.
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