Kadar IL-6 dan IL-10 Serum pada Tahapan Inflamasi di Rattus norvegicus yang terinfeksi Candida albicans
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.jkb.2018.030.01.4Keywords:
Biofilm, Candida albicans, IL-6, IL-10, inflamasiAbstract
Insiden kandidiasis sangat tinggi di dunia yang disebabkan Candida albicans. Agen antifungi telah banyak dikembangkan, namun resistensi terhadap antifungi masih menjadi suatu permasalahan. Resistensi antifungi ini diakibatkan oleh kemampuan C. albicans dalam membentuk biofilm. Terbentuknya biofilm dari infeksi C. albicans diawali oleh proses inflamasi. Proses inflamasi oleh Candida albicans terjadi pada beberapa tahap yang salah satu indikatornya adalah dilepaskannya sitokin proinflamasi (IL-6) dan anti inflamasi (IL-10). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kadar IL-6 dan IL-10 pada tiap tahapan inflamasi C. albicans pada intestinal pada tikus putih. Penelitian ini menggunakan 32 ekor tikus wistar (Rattus norvegicus) yang dibagi menjadi 2 kelompok, yaitu kelompok kontrol dan perlakuan. Kelompok perlakuan diinokulasi dengan C. albicans. Variabel yang diukur adalah kadar IL-6 dan IL-10 pada hari ke-7, 14, 21, 28 dan 35 setelah inokulasi C. albicans. pengambilan data sebanyak 5 kali dilakukan untuk mewakili tahapan pembentukan biofilm candida. Respon imun pada setiap tahap pembentukan biofilm ditunjukkan dengan kadar sitokin IL-6 dan IL-10 serum darah dengan metode ELISA. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kadar IL-6 dan IL-10 pada hari ke-7 dan 14 sebesar 0pg/mL. Pada hari ke 28 telah terjadi proses inflamasi akut pelepasan IL-6 dan IL-10 dengan kadar tertinggi masing-masing 31,75±9,99pg/mLdan 757,94±576,73pg/mL. Selanjutnya pada hari ke-35, kadar sitokin IL-6 dan IL-10 masing-masing mulai menurun menjadi 28±11,53pg/mL dan 349,5±188,48pg/mL. Respon imun tubuh mulai terjadi pada tahap awal pembentukan biofilm C. albicans intestinal tikus, sehingga kedepannya dapat dikembangkan terapi imunomodulator terhadap kandidiasis sehingga dapat menghambat pembentukan biofilm C. albicans.Downloads
References
Sardi JCO, Scorzoni L, Bernadi T, Fusco-Almeida AM, and Mendes Giannini MJS. Candida Species: Current Epidemiology, Pathogenicity, Biofilm Formation, Natural Antifungal, Products and New Therapeutic Options. Journal of Medica Microbiology. 2013; 62(1): 10-24.
Raz-Pasteur A, Ullmann Y, and Berdicevsky I. The Pathogenesis of Candida Infection in Human Skin Model: Scanning Electron Microscope Observations. International Scholarly Research Network (ISRN) Dermatology. 2011; 2011: 1-6
Mustofa E. Efek Stres Fisik dan Psikologi pada Kortisol, PGE, BAFF, IL-21, sIgA, dan Candidiasis Vulvovaginal. Jurnal Kedokteran Brawijaya. 2012; 27(1): 21-27.
Onianwah IF. The Incidence and Prevalence of Candida albicans Infection of the Urogenital Tract of Females between the Ages of 18 and 45 Years Old: A Case Study of Patients Receiving Treatment in Ashford and Patrice Clinic in Port Harcourt. International Research Journal of Environment Science. 2014; 3(4): 101-104.
Sasaki K. Candida-Associated Gastric Ulcer Relapsing in a Different Position with a Different Appearance. World Journal of Gastroenterology. 2012; 18(32): 4450-4453
Raminez-Garcia A, Arteta B, Abad-Diaz-de-Cerio A, et al. Candida albicans Increases Tumor Cell Adhesion to Endothelia Cells in Vitro: Intraspecific Differences and Improtance of the Mannose Receptor. PloS ONE. 2013; 8(1): 1-10
Strijbis K, Yilmaz OH, Dougan SK, et al. Intestinal Colonization by Candida albicans Alters Inflammatory Responses in Bruton's Tyrosine Kinase-Deficient Mice. PloS ONE. 2014; 9(11): 1-8
Matsubara VH, Wang Y, Bandara HMHN, Mayer MPA, and Samaranayake LP. Probiotic Lactobacilli Inhibit Early Stage of Candida albicans Biofilm Development by Reducing Their Growth, Cell Adhesion, and Filamentation. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology. 2016; 100(14): 6415-6426.
Blankenship JR, Fanning S, Hamaker JJ, and Mitchell AP. An Extensive Circuitry for Cell Wall Regulation in Candida albicans. PLoS Pathogens. 2010; 6(2): 1-12.
Nobile CJ, Andes DR, Nett JE, et al. Critical Role of Bcr-1 Dependent Adhesins in C. albicans Biofilm Formation in Vitro and in Vivo. PLoS Pathogens. 2006; 2(7): 636-649.
Bojsen R, Regenberg B, and Folkesson A. Saccharomyces cerevisiae Biofilm Tolerance towards Systemic Antifungal Depends on Growth Phase. BMC Microbiology. 2014; 14 (305): 1-10.
Sarazin A, Poulain D, and Jouault T. In vitro Pro- and Anti-Inflammatory Responses to Viable Candida albicans Yeasts by a Murine Macrophage Cell Line. Medical Mycology. 2010; 48(7): 912-921.
Seleem D, Chen E, Benso B, Pardi V, and Murata RM. In Vitro Evaluation of Antifungal Activity of Monolaurin against Candida albicans Biofilms. PeerJ. 2016; 4: 1-17.
Scheller J, Chalaris A, Schmidt-Arras D, and Rose-John S. The Pro- and Anti-Inflammatory Properties of the Cytokine Interleukin-6. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta. 2011; 1813(5): 878-888.
Paul G, Khare V, and Gasche C. Infamed Gut Mucosa: Downstream of Interleukin-10. European Journal of Clinical Investigation. 2012; 42(1): 95-109.
Baktir A, Masfufatun, Hanum GR, Amalia KR, and Purkan. Construction and Characterization of the Intestinal Biofilm Model of Candida spp. Research Journal of Pharmaceutical, Biological, and Chemical. 2014; 5(1): 204-211.
Gulati M and Nobile CJ. Candida albicans Biofilms: Development, Regulation, and Molecular Mechanism. Microbes and Infection. 2016; 18(5): 310-321.
Dongari-Bagtzoglou A, Kashleva H, Dwivedi P, Diaz P and Vasilakos J. Characterization of Mucosal Candida albicans Biofilms. PLoS ONE. 2009; 4: e7967.
Kovacs R, Czudar A, Horvath L, Szakács L, Majoros L, and Kónya J. Serum Interleukin-6 Levels in Murine Models of Candida albicans Infection. Acra Microbiologica et Immunologica Hungarica. 2014; 6(1): 61-69.
Shaikh PZ. Cytokines and Their Physiologic and Pharmacologic Function in Inflammation: A Review. International Journal of Pharmacy & Life Science. 2011; 2(11): 1247-1263.
Chandra J, McCormick TS, Imamura Y, Mukherjee PK and Ghannoum MA. Interaction of Candida albicans with Adherent Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells Increases C. albicans Biofilm Formation and Results in Differential Expression of Pro- and Anti-inflammatory Cytokines. Infection and Immunity. 2007; 75(5): 2612-2620.
Gao N and Chen C. Candida Infections: An Update on Host Immune Defenses and Anti-Fungal Drugs. Infectious Disease Translational Medicine. 2016; 2(1): 30-40.
Couper KN, Blount DG, and Riley EM. IL-10: The Master Regulator of Immunity to Infection. The Journal of Immunology. 2008; 180(9): 5771-5777.
Masfufatun, Bayasud SL, Yasinta MS, Ni'matuzahro, and Baktir A. Serum Acetaldehyde as a Potencial Biomarker for the Detection of Pathogenic Biofilm Formation by Candida albicans. Journal of Chemical and Metallurgy. 2017; 52(6): 1032-1038.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).