Fenomena "Pikun" pada Stres Psikologis dan Alzheimers?
Abstract
Gangguan memori atau hilangnya kemampuan mengingat kembali (pikun) dapat terjadi karena stres. Adapun mekanismenya diduga melalui induksi peningkatan aktivitas hypothalamic-hypophyseal-adrenocortical system dimana kartisol berperan dalam menstimulasi fenomena stress oxidatif di dalam neuronal wilayah hippokampal dan menyebabkan meningkatnya jumlah ROS dan gagalnya fungsi “antioxidant defense system†dalam menanggulanginya. Akhirnya, terjadilah kerusakan dan kematian sel neuron di wilayah hippokampal dan mengakibatkan hilangnya kemampuan untuk mengingat kembali. Hilangnya memori pada usia lanjut mungkin disebabkan karena kemampuan menanggulangi stres psikologi menurun sehingga lebih mudah terjadi peningkatan aktivitas hypothalamic-hypophyseal-adrenocortical system dengan segala akibatnya pada metabolisme oxidatif sel neuronal di wilayah hippokampal. Hal yang sama dapat terjadi pada “PTSD†(Post Traumatic Stress Disorder).Â
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