Aktivitas Larvisida Ekstrak Terpurifikasi Rimpang Zingiber zerumbet(L) Smith terhadap Larva Aedes aegypti
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.jkb.2017.029.04.2Keywords:
Ekstrak metanol, larvisida, purifikasi, Z. zerumbetAbstract
Saat ini ditemukan bahwa larva nyamuk telah resisten terhadap larvisida konvensional. Oleh karena itu, penting untuk mengembangkan larvisida baru dari sumber bahan alam seperti rimpang Z. zerumbet, pada penelitian yang sebelumnya berpotensi sebagai larvisida pada Artemia salina Leach dan Anopheles nunestovary. Aktivitas larvisida ekstrak metanol rimpang Z. zerumbet yang telah dipurifikasi belum pernah diteliti. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengkaji aktivitas larvisida ekstrak terpurifikasi rimpang Z. zerumbet terhadap larva Ae. aegypti. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksplorasi laboratories dengan rancangan post test-only control group. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada dua ekstrak yaitu ekstrak metanol rimpang Z. zerumbet dan ekstrak metanol rimpang Z. zerumbet yang dipurifikasi dengan petroleum eter (PE). Dua puluh lima larva instar III-IV Ae. aegypti dipapar dengan tujuh konsentrasi yang berbeda dari ekstrak metanol rimpang Z. zerumbet. Tingkat kematian larva dihitung dan kemudian dianalisis dengan menggunakan regresi analisa probit untuk mendapatkan LC50. Setelah mengetahui LC50 tersebut, studi dilanjutkan dengan purifikasi ekstrak metanol Z. zerumbet menggunakan PE sebagai pelarut. Hasil ekstrak yang telah dipurifikasi baik yang larut maupun tidak larut PE diperlakukan pada larva instar III-IV Ae.aegypti menggunakan metode yang sama seperti yang disebutkan terdahulu. Nilai LC50 ekstrak metanol, larut PE dan tidak larut PE hasil purifikasi ekstrak metanol rimpang Z. zerumbet adalah 153,57±4,01 ppm; 67,01±2,35 ppm; dan 2287±147,91 ppm. Purifikasi ekstrak metanol rimpang Z. zerumbet yang larut PE memiliki aktivitas larvisida yang kuat terhadap larva instar III-IV Ae. aegypti dan mempunyai potensi untuk dikembangkan sebagai bahan larvisida baru.
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