Katarak Pediatrik: Profil Klinik dan Faktor Determinan Hasil T erapi

Authors

  • Lely Retno W Laboratorium Ilmu Kesehatan Mata Rumah Sakit Umum Dr. Saiful Anwar Malang
  • Kristina Radika HK Laboratorium Ilmu Kesehatan Mata Rumah Sakit Umum Dr. Saiful Anwar Malang

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.jkb.2013.027.03.9

Abstract

Katarak pediatrik  merupakan salah satu penyebab utama kebutaan dan low  vision  pada anak, terutama di negara-negara berkembang.  Studi  data  sekunder  berbasis  rumah  saki  dilakukan  selama  4  tahun,  sejak  Desember  2006  sampai  Desember 2010.  Pengumpulan  data  meliputi jenis  kelamin,  usia,  usia  onset,  faktor  penyebab,  bilateralitas,  visus  pre  dan  post  operasi, jenis operasi, komplikasi pre dan post operasi, dan follow up dari 58 mata yang berasal dari 43 penderita. Data dianalisa secara  deskriptif  serta  dilakukan  analisis  korelasi  antara  usia  operasi  dan  jenis  operasi  dengan  visus  hasil  operasi. Penderita berjenis kelamin laki-laki lebih banyak didapatkan daripada perempuan (67,4%), dengan penyebab terbanyak katarak pediatrik adalah non traumatik (67,4%) yang didapatkan sejak lahir (51,6%). Pada kelompok traumatik katarak, usia penderita  dan usia operasi  terbanyak  adalah  6-10  tahun  (73,3%),  sedangkan  kelompok  non traumatik  adalah  1-6 (38,7%). Jenis operasi yang terbanyak dilakukan adalah Extra Capsular Cataract Extraction+Intraocular Lens+iridektomi perifer  (31%).  Komplikasi  nystagmus  adalah  yang  terbanyak  didapatkan  pada  katarak  non  traumatik  (34,9%).  Pada evaluasi post operasi, 10 dari 15 penderita (66,7%) pada kelompok traumatik mencapai visus >6/18, sedangkan 30,2% penderita  katarak  non  traumatik  mendapatkan  visus  1/60-3/60.  Pada  penelitian  ini  didapatkan  korelasi  kuat  antara penatalaksanaan operasi yang tertunda dengan buruknya visus pasca operasi (r=0,707; p=0,000) tetapi tidak didapatkan korelasi  antara  tipe  operasi  dengan  angka  kejadian  Posterior  Capsular  Opacification  (r=0,053;  p=0,691).  Dapat disimpulkan katarak non traumatik adalah penyebab utama katarak pediatrik, dengan sebagian besar kasus terjadi sejak lahir .  Visus  post  operasi  pada  mayoritas  kasus  katarak  non  traumatik  masih  tergolong  dalam  low  vision  akibat keterlambatan  penatalaksanaan  operasi.

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Published

2013-04-27

Issue

Vol. 27 No. 3 (2013)

Section

Original Article

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