The Effects of Thyme on IL-6 Level and the Bacterial Count in the Brain and Spleen of Mice Infected by Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.jkb.2020.031.01.1Keywords:
Counting MRSA bacterial, ELISA, IL-6, Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Thymus vulgarisAbstract
The extensive and irrational use of antibiotics causes resistance problems such as Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Widespread bacterial resistance to the existing antibiotics promotes the importance of discovering antibacterial sources or modulating the immune response from natural ingredients. This study aimed to reveal the potential of thyme (Thymus vulgaris) extract in reducing IL-6 level and MRSA bacterial count in the brain and spleen of Balb c mice infected by MRSA. The design of this study was a randomized post-test control group. This study used 30 male BALB/c mice infected by MRSA and randomly divided into six groups. Measurement of IL-6 level was carried out using ELISA. The MRSA count was done by assessing the number of CFU per gram of tissue. There were no bacteria in the spleen tissue of all the groups. The IL-6 level in BALB/c mice infected with MRSA and treated with Thymus vulgaris was higher compared to those without Thymus vulgaris (p<0,005). The greatest decrease in microbial count in the brain was among groups that were given the combination of thyme and amoxicillin. Thymus vulgaris extract can elevate the antibacterial effectiveness of amoxicillin.Â
Downloads
References
Kurniawati AFS, Satyabakti P, and Arbianti N.
Perbedaan Risiko Multidrug Resistance Organisms
(MDROS) Menurut Faktor Risiko dan Kepatuhan
Hand Hygiene. Epidemiologi. 2015; 3(3): 277-289.
Choy E and Rose-John S. Interleukin-6 as a
Multifunctional Regulator Inflammation, Immune
Response, and Fibrosis. Journal of Scleroderma
Related Disorder. 2017; 2(2): s1-s5.
Kok EY, Vallejo JG, Sommer LM, et al. Association of
Vancomycin MIC and Molecular Characteristics with
Clinical Outcomes in Methicillin-Susceptible
Staphylococcus aureus Acute Hematogenous
Osteoarticular Infections in Children. Antimicrobial
Agents and Chemotherapy. 2018; 62(5): 1-10.
Boskovic B, Zdravkovic N, Ivanovic J, et al.
Antimicrobial Activity of Thyme (Thymus vulgaris)
and Oregano (Origanum vulgare) Essential Oils
Against Some Food-Borne Microorganisms.
Procedia Food Science. 2015; 5: 18-21.
Ocana A and Reglero G. Effects of Thyme Extract Oils
(from Thymus vulgaris, Thymus zygis, and Thymus
hyemalis) on Cytokine Production and Gene
E x p r e s s i o n o f O x l d l - S t i m u l a t e d T H P - 1 -
Macrophages. Journal of Obesity. 2012; 2012: 1-11.
Departemen Farmakologi dan Terapeutik Fakultas
Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia. Farmakologi dan
Terapi oleh Departemen Farmakologi dan
Terapeutik Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas
Indonesia. Edisi 5. Jakarta: Departemen
Farmakologi dan Terapeutik Fakultas Kedokteran
Universitas Indonesia; 2008: p. 728.
Valencia L. Pengaruh Pemberian Terapi Minyak
Nigella sativa dan Kombinasinya dengan Sefriakson
terhadap Jumlah Kuman Methicilin Resistant
Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) pada Kultur Limpa
Mencit Balb C. [Thesis}. Jurnal Kedokteran
Diponegoro.
Gordon RJ and Lowy FD. Pathogenesis of Methicillin
Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Infection. Clinical
Infectious Diseases. 2008; 46(5): S350-S359.
Arshad N, Mehreen A, Liaqat I, Arshad M, and
Afrasiab H. In Vivo Screening and Evaluation of Four
Herbs against MRSA Infection. BioMed Central
Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 2017;
(1): 1-7.
Sienkiewicz M, Lysakowska M, Denys P, and
Kowalczyk E. The Antimicrobial Activity of Thyme
Essential Oil against Multidrug Resistant Clinical
Bacterial Strains. Microbial Drug Resistance. 2012;
(2):137–148.
Uzair B, Niaz N, Bano AS, et al. Essential Oils Showing
In Vitro Anti MRSA and Synergistic Activity with
Penicillin Group of Antibiotics. Pakistan Journal of
Pharmaceutical Sciences. 2017; 30(5): 1997–2002.
Borugă O, Jianu C, Mişcă C, Goleţ I, Gruia AT, and
Horhat FG. Thymus Vulgaris Essential Oil: Chemical
Composition and Antimicrobial Activity. Journal of
Medicine and Life. 2014; 7(3): 56-60.
Kon K and Rai M. Antibacterial Activity of Thymus
vulgaris Essential Oil Alone and In Combination with
Other Essential Oils. Nusantara Bioscience. 2012;
(2): 50-60.
ElKalek A and Mohamed E. Synergistic Effect of
Jurnal Kedokteran Brawijaya, Vol. 31, No. 1, Februari 2020
The Effects of Thyme on IL-6 Level and...... 6
Certain Medicinal Plants and Amoxicillin against
Some Clinical Isolates of Methicillin Resistant
Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA). International Journal
of Pharmaceutical Applications. 2012; 3(3): 387-398.
Hossan MS, Jindal H, Maisha S, et al. Antibacterial
Effects of 18 Medicinal Plants Used by the Khyang
Tribe in Bangladesh. Pharmaceutical Biology. 2018;
(1): 201-208.
Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, and Pillai S. Basic
Immunology: Functions and Disorders of the Immune
System. 5th edition. Philadelphia, USA:
Saunders/Elseviers; 2015.
Yazaki M, Oami T, Nakanishi K, Hase R, and Watanabe
HA. Successful Salvage Therapy with Daptomycin and
Linezolid for Right-Sided Infective Endocarditis and
Septic Pulmonary Embolism Caused by Methicillin-
Resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Journal of Infection
and Chemotherapy. 2018; 24(10): 845-848.
Jurnal
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).