Hubungan Polimorfisme Gen ACTN-3 (R577X) dengan Daya Ledak Otot pada Siswa Sekolah Sepakbola di Medan
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.jkb.2018.030.02.8Keywords:
ACTN-3, daya ledak otot, polimorfisme, tes standing broad jumpAbstract
Gen ACTN-3 merupakan gen yang mengkode sebuah protein sarkomer yang hampir secara keseluruhan diekspresikan dalam serat otot cepat dan menghasilkan daya ledak otot. Daya ledak (power) adalah kemampuan otot untuk mengatasi tahanan beban dengan kekuatan dan kecepatan tinggi dalam suatu gerakan yang utuh. Daya ledak merupakan komponen penting dalam olahraga sepakbola. Variasi genotif (polimorfisme) ACTN-3 (R/X) cenderung memiliki daya tahan yang lebih baik. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menganalisis hubungan antara varian genotif ACTN-3 (polimorfisme) dan daya ledak otot. Subjek penelitian ini adalah siswa sekolah sepakbola berusia 11-14 tahun yang berjumlah 33 orang. Daya ledak otot diukur menggunakan tes standing broad jump. Varian genotif (polimorfisme) gen ACTN-3 diidentifikasi menggunakan PCR-RFLP dari sampel sel bukal. Uji Fisher Exact digunakan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara polimorfisme gen ACTN-3 dengan daya ledak otot. Hasil studi menunjukkan varian genotif ACTN-3 yang memiliki alel R cenderung menunjukkan daya ledak otot kategori diatas rata-rata dan tinggi, sementara varian genotif yang memiliki alel X lebih banyak menunjukkan daya ledak otot dalam tingkat rata-rata. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa secara statistik ada hubungan signifikan antara polimorfisme gen ACTN-3 dengan daya ledak otot pada siswa sekolah sepakbola kota Medan (p<0,001) dengan kekuatan korelasi kuat (c=0,623).
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