Hubungan Tingkat Risiko Obstructive Sleep Apnea dan Sindroma Metabolik dengan Fungsi Kognitif Global
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.jkb.2018.030.02.10Keywords:
Fungsi kognitif global, obstructive sleep apnea, penapisan, sindrom metabolik, tingkat risikoAbstract
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) berhubungan dengan peningkatan risiko gangguan fungsi kognitif, dan gangguan fungsi kognitif tersebut juga terkait dengan komponen sindrom metabolik (hipertensi, diabetes melitus, obesitas sentral, dan dislipidemia). Penegakan diagnosis penyakit tersebut membutuhkan keahlian khusus, waktu pemeriksaan yang lama, dan mahal, oleh karena itu penapisan tingkat risiko OSA dengan instrumen sederhana sangat diperlukan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menginvestigasi tingkat risiko OSA dan sindroma metabolik dengan fungsi kognitif global. Desain potong lintang dilakukan dengan melibatkan 89 subjek yang datang dalam acara Car Free Day dan memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Data yang dikumpulkan meliputi usia, jenis kelamin, riwayat hipertensi, dislipidemia, diabetes melitus, indeks massa tubuh (IMT), obesitas sentral, tingkat risiko OSA, dan fungsi kognitif global. Tingkat risiko OSA dinilai dengan menggunakan instrumen STOP-BANG Questionnaire dan fungsi kognitif global menggunakan instrumen Clock Drawing Test (CDT). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan bermakna dalam hal frekuensi subjek dengan tingkat risiko tinggi OSA (p=0,042) dan subjek dengan diabetes melitus (p=0,04) antara kelompok subjek dengan status fungsi kognitif global normal dan menurun. Hasil penelitian juga menunjukkan bahwa hanya satu komponen sindroma metabolik, yaitu hipertensi yang berhubungan dengan tingkat risiko OSA (p<0,001), sedangkan diabetes melitus, obesitas sentral dan dislipidemia tidak. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa tingkat risiko OSA berhubungan dengan status fungsi kognitif global dan komponen sindroma metabolik yang berperan adalah diabetes melitus dan hipertensi.
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