Laporan Kasus: Multisystem Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis pada Anak Perempuan Usia Dua Tahun
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.jkb.2016.029.01.17Keywords:
anak, langerhans cell histiocytosis, laporan kasusAbstract
Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis (LCH) merupakan penyakit yang jarang dengan karakteristik proliferasi dan migrasi sel dendritik atau sel histiosit (sel Langerhans). Kelainan ini terutama mengenai tulang (sistem skeletal) namun dapat juga muncul pada kulit, kelenjar tiroid, kelenjar limfe dan risk organs involvement yaitu hepar, paru, limpa, dan sistem hematopoietik. Kelainan ini relatif langka dan jarang sehingga diagnosis LCH sering kali terlambat atau luput. Diagnosis definit pada LCH yaitu ditemukannya CD1a antigen, S100 protein, atau Langerin (CD207) pada pemeriksaan imunohistokimia atau granula Birbeck pada pemeriksaan mikroskop elektron. Pada kasus ini seorang anak perempuan usia 2 tahun dengan keluhan mata kiri menonjol, terdapat benjolan di belakang kepala, belakang telinga kiri dan leher sebelah kanan. Hasil pemeriksaan fisik didapatkan proptosis okuli sinistra, massa regio occipital, belakang telinga kiri dan leher, hepatomegali, spenomegali. Pada pemeriksaan laboratorium didapatkan anemia mikrositik hipokrom anisositosis, leukositosis, trombositosis. Pemeriksaan sumsum tulang mengesankan terdapat infiltrasi Langerhans cell histiocytosis. Pemeriksaan FNAB mengesankan Langerhans histiositosis. Pemeriksaan foto Schuller menunjukkan lesi litik geografik tulang fronto-temporo-parietal-occipital sinistra, occipital dextra, lesi litik destruktif pada ramus mandibula dextra. Hasil CT-scan kepala menunjukkan hasil soft tissue mass multiple. Hasil pemeriksaan imunohistokimia didapatkan hasil positif S100 protein. Pada kasus ini, pasien didiagnosis LCH atas dasar gambaran morfologi sel Langerhans (FNAB) dan hasil positif S100 protein (imunohistokimia). Beberapa organ yang terlibat antara lain mata, tulang craniofacial, kulit, hepar, limpa, dan sumsum tulang.
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