Respon Imun terhadap Vaksin Influenza pada Remaja
Abstract
Influenza merupakan penyakit yang mudah menular dengan mortalitas dan morbiditas tinggi serta sering menimbulkan kejadian luar biasa, epidemi, dan pandemi. Pada anak sekolah, influenza menyebabkan tingginya angka absensi dan remaja merupakan sumber penularan terbesar . Penelitian dilakukan untuk menilai respons imun terhadap vaksin influenza pada kelompok remaja 12–18 tahunpada bulan Juni–September 2008, di Puskesmas Garuda Bandung. Desain dilakukan dengan intervensional, longitudinal, acak sederhana, dan tersamar tunggal. Vaksin influenza yang mengandung 3 jenis virus A/H1N1, A/H3N2 dan B, disuntikkan intramuskular. Pengambilan darah dilakukan pra dan pasca vaksinasi. Pemeriksaan kadar antibodi dilakukan dengan metode hemaglutinasi inhibisi (HI). Respons imun dinilai berdasarkan nilai serokonversi, dan peningkatan geometric mean titer (GMT). Subjek dibagi 2 kelompok, 69 (52,7%) remaja pertengahan (12–15 tahun) dan 62 (47,3%) remaja akhir (16–18 tahun). Semua subjek telah mempunyai kadar antibodi protektif HI>1:40 pascavaksinasi. Nilai serokonversi kedua kelompok berbeda bermakna pada pra (p=0,02) dan pascavaksinasi (p=0,02). Serokonversi terhadap virus A/H3N2 antara remaja pertengahan dan akhir berbeda bermakna pada pravaksinasi (p=0,02). Pada pra dan pascavaksinasi terdapat peningkatan GMT bermakna terhadap ketiga jenis virus influenza (Zw 9,73; 9,19; 9,59 dan p=0,00). Simpulan, vaksinasi influenza pada remaja menghasilkan kadar protektif. Respons imun remaja pertengahan dan akhir tidak berbeda, namun remaja pertengahan tampak lebih responsif.
Kata Kunci: Influenza, remaja, responsimun, vaksin
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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21776/ub.jkb.2012.027.02.9
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