Efek Polisakarida Mesona Chinensis pada Produksi Sitokin dan Molekul Kostimulator pada Sel Makrofag RAW264.7
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.jkb.2016.029.01.4Keywords:
makrofag, NF-κB, polisakarida Mesona chinensisAbstract
Polisakarida yang berasal dari tumbuhan telah menjadi pusat perhatian pada keilmuan biomedik karena memiliki berbagai kemampuan biologis dan toksisitasnya yang rendah. Pada penelitian sebelumnnya, polisakarida Mesona chinensis (MCP) yang didapat dari ekstrak tanaman cincau atau grass jelly telah menunjukkan kemampuannya sebagai imunostimulator dan anti kanker, akan tetapi bagaimana mekanismenya belum diketahui dengan jelas. Penelitian ini menginvestigasi pengaruh MCP pada sel makrofag RAW264.7 dimana pemeriksaan dilakukan melalui pengukuran produksi sitokin dan ekspresi molekul kostimulator pada permukaan sel makrofag. Beberapa teknik pengukuran telah digunakan untuk menggambarkan mekanisme aksi pada sel makrofag seperti flowsitometri untuk menganalisa kostimulator CD80, CD86 dan MHC-II, pengukuran viabilitas sel, nitric oxide (NO) dan TNF-α menggunakan spektrofotometer, ekspresi protein ERK ½, IκB-α, iNOS menggunakan teknik western blot dan analisa aktivitas protein NF-κB menggunakan mikroskop konfokal. Pengukuran aktivitas NF-κB, ekspresi CD80, CD86, MHC-II, produksi NO dan TNF-α dilakukan setelah diberikan MCP pada sel makrofag RAW264.7 dengan konsentrasi 10, 50, 100 dan 200μg/ml. Analisa statistik dengan ANOVA menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan ekspresi NO, TNF-α, CD80, CD86 dan MHC-II pada semua kelompok perlakuan, selanjutnya uji perbandingan multipel Duncan's menyatakan bahwa terdapat peningkatan ekspresi NO, TNF-α, CD80, CD86 dan MHC-II secara signifikan (p=0,001) bila dibandingkan dengan kelompok lain. Hasil diatas menunjukkan bahwa MCP mampu menginduksi produksi NO, TNF-α, ekspresi kostimulator (CD80, CD86, MHC-II), dan sebagai stimulator terhadap protein ERK ½, IκB-α, dan NF-κB. Hal ini memberikan penjelasan terhadap mekanisme aktivitas seluler yakni melibatkan jalur MAPKs dan NF-κB yang penting dalam menginduksi produksi sitokin dan ekspresi molekul kostimulator. Dengan demikian, MCP telah menunjukkan suatu potensi sebagai agen imunostimulator dan diduga dapat menjadi suatu terapi penting pada penyakit-penyakit infeksi.Â
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