A 44 Year Old Man with Chronic Myeloid Leukemia and Mass at Right Lower Leg

Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a clonal myeloproliferative disorder of primitive hematopoetic stem cells that is characterized by overproduction of myeloid series cells, splenomegaly, and leukocytosis. We reported a case of 44 years old male with CML who complained about swelling right leg and pain for 3 month. It had been diagnosed as CML for 3 years, and he took hydroxyurea but stopped for a year due to economic problem. The results of clinical examination, laboratory, biopsy, and radiology showed a result matched to CML with soft tissue mass. The results of Fine Needle Aspiration Biopsy (FNAB) of fragmented histiocytes leg mass, multinucleated giant cells, and atypical nucleated with a possibility of fibroma with atypical nucleated cells. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed multilocular lobulated soft tissue mass from the popliteal region to the cruris dextra, cyst mass high protein dd/solid tumor with vascular encasement and lesions in bone marrow replacement, and fluid collection on bursa parapatella. The patient was treated with hydroxyurea and showed clinical improvement and decreased mass size in the legs.


INTRODUCTION
inherit DNA mutations from a parent that greatly increase their risk of getting certain types of cancer, but inherited Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), also called as mutations do not cause CML.Deoxyribonucleid acid (DNA) chronic myeloid leukemia, chronic myelocytic leukemia, changes related to CML that occurs during the person's and chronic granulocytic leukemia, is a clonal myeloproliferative disorder of the primitive lifetime, rather than having been inherited before birth.hematopoietic stem cell.It is characterized by Multiple primary cancer is a specific malignant tumor type, overproduction of cells of the myeloid series, which manifesting as more than one primary tumor diagnosed in results in marked splenomegaly and leukocytosis.Chronic the same patient, either simultaneously or sequentially.phase chronic myeloid leukemia (CML-CP) can last for The major hematological conditions in patients with years and continues through an accelerated phase en multiple malignancies include multiple myeloma, route to a blast crisis resembling acute myeloid leukemia myelodisplastic syndrome, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, and or lymphoid leukemia.Basophilia and thrombocytosis are chronic myelogenous leukemia.A case of CML with a solid common.A cytogenetic characteristic abnormality, the tumor present is a rare case.(1,5,6).Philadelphia (Ph) chromosome, is present in the bone marrow cells in more than 90% of cases.Most patients (85 to 90%) present in the chronic phase.Eventually, if poorly CASE controlled, Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) evolves into A 44-year old married man with two children came to the accelerated and blastic phases.Chronic Myeloid hospital with general weakness for 2 months and swollen Leukemia (CML) is a type of cancer that starts in the bloodleg for 3 months before admission.The patient said that his forming cells of the bone marrow and invades the blood.
right leg was bigger than the left side, and he felt pain while In CML, leukemia cells tend to build up in the body over walking that made him used walking aid.He also time, but in many cases people don't have any symptoms complained his stomach was bigger in the last one year, for at least a few years.In time, the cells can also invade and sometimes he felt nausea without vomiting.other parts of the body, including the spleen.Chronic Previously, he was admitted twice in private hospital, and Myeloid Leukemia (CML) can also change into a fasthad been diagnosed as CML (chronic myelocytic leukemia) growing acute leukemia that invades almost any organ in and took hydroxyurea routinely, but already stopped a year the body.Most cases of CML occur in adults, but very ago because of financial problem.He complained losing rarely occurs in children.In general, the treatment in body weight for about 20 kg with a history of swollen leg in children is the same as for adults (1)(2)(3)(4).
2010 and 2011.The patient was a worker in chemical The American Cancer Society's estimates for chronic division of shoe manufacturing company for 22 years and myeloid leukemia (CML) in the United States in 2013 were has retired because of his illness.about 5,920 new cases that would be diagnosed as CML Physical examination revealed 120/70mmHg blood (3,420 in men and 2,500 in women), and about 610 people pressure, 88 bpm pulse rate, 18 tpm respiratory rate, 36.7 would die of CML (40 men and 270 women).Chronic C axillary temperature we found anemic conjunctiva, Myeloid Leukemia (CML) accounts for a little over 10% of splenomegaly (schuffner VI-VII), right and left leg edema, all new cases of leukemia.The average person's lifetime risk of getting CML is about 1 in 625.This disease is slightly mass (8x7x7cm) at right leg, 51cm leg circumference, more common in men than in women.It is also more lymphadenopathy of right inguinal.The other findings common in whites than in African-Americans.The average were within normal limit.age at diagnosis of CML is around 65 years.Over half of Laboratory result showed 5.0 g/dl hemoglobin level, cases are diagnosed among people in 65 and older.This 422,920/µL leukocyte count, 13.9% hematocrite, type of leukemia mainly affects adults, and is only rarely 518,000/µL thrombocyte count.Differential count showed seen in children.Dramatic progress has been made in 2% eosinophyl, 3% basophyl, 45% netrophyl, 0% treatment over the past several years, so most people limphocyte, 0% monocyte, 9% stab, 5% promyelocyte, 35% with CML are now surviving at least 5 years after myelocyte, and 1/100 normoblast.Blood smear showed diagnosis.Because the highly effective drugs are still fairly anemia normochrom anisocytosis and increased new, the average survival of people now being diagnosed impression of leucocyte and platelet count with giant with CML is not known (1,2,5).thrombocyte (+).Laboratory finding also revealed 3.38 Symptoms of CML could include weakness, fatigue, night g/dL albumin, 8.8 mg/dL uric acid, 55.1mg/dL ureum, and sweats, weight loss, fever, bone pain, an enlarged spleen 1.31mg/dL creatinin, with prolonged of hemostatic (felt as a mass under the left side of the ribcage), pain or a function.Serum electrolyte, liver function test, bilirubin and urinalysis were within normal range.Abdomen sense of "fullness" in the belly, feeling full after eating ultrasonography (USG) revealed splenomegaly.An even a small amount of food, but these aren't just electrocardiogram showed sinus rhythm with 80 beat per symptoms of CML.They can occur with other cancers, as minutes heart rate.Chest X-ray revealed normal.Needle well as many non-cancerous conditions.Some patients biopsy of lymphadenopathy inguinal showed acute have bone pain or joint pain caused by leukemia cells lymphadenitis with some atypical cells which is CML spreading from the marrow cavity to the surface of the figured.Doppler USG showed no appearance of deep vein bone or into the joint (2,5,7).
thrombosis (DVT), and very large cyst mass on 1/3 distal The risk of getting CML increases with age.This disease is femur to 1/3 distal tibia.Aspiration cytology showed slightly more common in males than females, but it is not lymphocyte cell and erythrocyte.known why.There are no other proven risk factors for Needle biopsy of right leg mass showed fragmented CML.The risk of getting CML does not seem to be affected histiocyte, multinucleated giant cells and cells with by smoking, diet, exposure to chemicals, or infections.
atypical nucleated, that might be fibroma with atypical Besides, CML does not run in families.Sometimes people nucleated cells.MRI finding showed soft tissue mass multilocular lobulated on poplitea region to cruris dextra, No clear correlation with exposure to cytotoxic drugs has cyst mass high protein differential diagnose solid tumor been found, and no evidence suggests a viral etiology.In with vascular encasement, lesion as bone marrow the pre-imatinib era, cigarette smoking accelerated the replacement, and fluid collection on parapatella progression to blast crisis and therefore adversely affected burse.cardiogramshowed sinus rhythm with heart rate 80 survival in CML.Atomic bomb survivors had an increased beat per minutes.Chest X-ray revealed normal.Needle incidence; the development of a CML cell mass of biopsy of lymphadenopathy inguinal showed acute 10,000/ul took 6.3 years.No increase in CML incidence lymphadenitis with some atypical cells which is CML was found among the survivors of the Chernobyl accident, figured.Doppler USG showed no appearance of deep vein suggesting that only large doses of radiation can induce thrombosis (DVT), and very large cyst mass on 1/3 distal CML (2,9).Similarly, the etiology of CML in our case is femur to 1/3 distal tibia.Aspiration cytology showed unknown, whether due to chemical agent because of lymphocyte cell and erythrocyte.Needle biopsy of right working history as chemical worker in shoe factory, or leg mass showed histiocyte fragmented, multinucleated other reason.giant cells and cells with atypical nucleated, might be Lately, there has been a lot of discussion on the likelihood fibroma with atypical nucleated cells.Finding of MRI of development of a non-hematological second showed soft tissue mass multilocular lobulated on malignancy in patients with CML receiving chemotherapy poplitea region to cruris dextra, cyst mass high protein or other immunosuppressive drugs (5,9).One study about differential diagnose solid tumor with vascular CML and adenocarcinoma colon showed a relationship, encasement, lesion as bone marrow replacement, and whereas 2 of the patients who had been treated with fluid collection on parapatella burse.
hydroxyurea had also been diagnosed as colon adenocarcinoma.Solid tumors may occur in 3% of patients with CML (11,12).It has also been reported that mainly elderly patients with hematologic malignancies, including CML are likely to have multiple malignant neoplasms, mainly of the gastrointestinal tract.However, single cases of CML in patients treated for other malignancies have been reported, three were concerned as colon adenocarcinoma after treatment with chemotherapeutic agents (11).In this case a relationship between imatinib therapy or previous exposure to HU or cumulative effect of either exposures and development of colon adenocarcinoma cannot be completely excluded.
However, an increased susceptibility of CML to secondary malignancies due to the malignant process of the disease itself cannot be ruled out.Only wider long term studies may clarify whether the concomitant occurrence of colon adenocarcinoma and CML is merely coincidental (3).In this case report, we suggested that mass in the leg was because of CML itself that was not treated well for a year, and become mass in the leg, supported by clinical history Another case of CML with solid tumor was reported in collection on parapatella burse Shanghai, China, whereas the patient's WBC count decreased rapidly after just one week of hydroxyurea treatment, but the patient did not recover from the DISCUSSION dyspnea symptoms.This raised the suspicion that another primary cancer was involved, which was revealed by VATS The incidence of CML is 1.5 per 100,000 people per year, to be lung cancer.Because CML and lung cancer were and the age-adjusted incidence is higher in men than in found at the same time, hydroxyurea was chosen for its women (2.0 versus 1.2) (2).This incidence increases effectiveness in reducing WBC counts rapidly.Because the slowly with age until the middle forties, when it starts to CML was controlled well and had little effect on long-term rise rapidly.In this case, the patients was diagnosed as survival, the patient received six cycles of NP regimen and CML in his forties-age, and treated as CML used gefitinib maintenance therapy.During treatment for hydroxyurea.The diagnosis of CML is established by NSCLC, the patient did not receive any therapy for CML identifying a clonal expansion named of a hematopoietic because routine blood tests were normal (7).Other case of stem cell possessing a reciprocal translocation between CML and sarcoma granulocytic ever reported in medscape chromosomes 9 and 22.This translocation results in the news that there was a 62 year old female patient with mass head-to-tail fusion of the breakpoint cluster region (BCR) at right leg, biopsy result was sarcoma granulocytic, and gene on chromosome 22q11 with the ABL (named after BMP showed chronic myelogenous leukemia, and then the abelson murine leukemia virus) gene located on patient was treated as CML.A case report of sarcoma chromosome 9p34 (5,8,9,10).Meanwhile, in this case, granulocytic in oral cavity in patients with chronic myeloid the patient was diagnose as CML based on clinical and leukemia was reported by Santos et al, and the patient was laboratory finding The case of CML with mass is a rare treated as CML also (5,12).case, which is may occur in 3% of CML patients, and have not been found before in Saiful anwar Hospital Malang.
Of all the leukemias, CML is among the least understood.
While this disease can occur at any age, CML is extremely a suitable stem-cell donor, and there is a significant risk of rare in children (about 2% of leukemia in children) and the treatment-related morbidity and mortality.IFN-α average age of diagnosis is 40 to 50 years.Incidence rates treatment leads to both hematological and cytogenetic are higher in males than in females, but unlike the other response in many chronic phase CML patients, and its leukemia types, rates are higher in blacks than in whites in effectiveness at treating a significant portion of CML the U.S. High-dose radiation exposure may increase the patients suggests that IFN-α therapy may have some + risk of developing CML.Finally, CML has been associated selectivity toward destroying Ph leukemic cells or with chromosome abnormalities such as the Philadelphia inhibiting the oncogenic activity of BCR-ABL.On the other chromosome (9).hand, up to 20% of CML patients do not tolerate IFN-α therapy because of toxicity problems (5,10).We treated the patients using hydroxyurea drugs after transfusion, started with high doses because of high Imatinib therapy has revolutionized the treatment of CML.increasing leucocytes.Chronic myelogenous leukemia is a In cases of newly diagnosed CML, imatinib therapy is clonal proliferative malignancy originating from a associated with an estimated 5-year survival rate greater pluripotent HSC.Until recently, the therapeutic than 90%.If this favorable trend continues with longer armamentarium for CML have been limited to allogeneic follow-up, the median survival time in CML may exceed 20 stem cell transplantation (SCT), conventional years.During the first 5 years of follow-up, the annual chemothetapywith agnets such as busulfan (BUS) and mortality has been about 2%.Many previously wellhydroxyurea (HU), and treatment with interferon (IFN)-α established poor prognostic factors in CML have lost much based regimens.All of these options have major of their importance since the advent of imatinib therapy.drawbacks with respect to efficacy and tolerability.
With allogeneic stem cell transplantation, cures are Currently, allogeneic SCT is the only treatment with known expected in 40 to 80% of patients in chronic phase CML, in curative potential in CML.However, most patients are not 15 to 40% of those in accelerated phase CML, and in 5 to eligible for this therapy because of advanced age or lack of 20% of those in blastic phase CML (2).