Sarkopenia, Latihan, dan Kejadian Jatuh (Falls) pada Populasi Lanjut Usia

Authors

  • Niluh Tantri
  • Sri sunarti
  • Gadis Nurlaila
  • Djoko Wahono S

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.jkb.2014.028.01.8

Abstract

Sarkopenia sangat terkait dengan penurunan fungsi dalam melakukan berbagai aktivitas penting yang pada akhirnya akan menyebabkan kerapuhan, meningkatkan risiko jatuh dan hilangnya kemandirian. Latihan diketahui merupakan salah satu modalitas terapi sarkopenia, yang juga memiliki efek protektif terhadap falls. Penelitian dilakukan untuk menemukan hubungan antara sarkopenia dan latihan dengan kejadian jatuh pada  usia >60 tahun. Penelitian observasional dilakukan dengan pendekatan potong lintang pada populasi lanjut usia mandiri di Kabupaten dan Kota Malang sebanyak 232 subjek. Massa otot diukur mengunakan formula MAMC, kekuatan dan fungsi ekstremitas diukur menggunakan kekuatan genggaman tangan dan jarak tempuh dan kecepatan  berjalan. Latihan didefinisikan sebagai senam ataupun jalan kaki minimal 120 menit perminggu. Riwayat jatuh dikatakan positif bila ada kejadian jatuh dalam 1 tahun terakhir berdasarkan anamnesis. Hasil menunjukkan 106 pasien (45,69%) mengalami sarkopeni berdasarkan algoritme EWSGOP. Dari 106 kelompok sarkopeni, 27 subjek pernah mengalami jatuh (25,5%). Faktor berat badan, tinggi badan, index massa tubuh, lingkar lengan atas, tricep skinfold, genggaman tangan, kecepatan berjalan dan latihan, terbukti memiliki perbedaan yang bermakna antara kelompok sarkopenia dan tidak sarkopenia (p=0,000; p=0,035; p=0,04; p=0,000; p=0,000; p=0,000; p=0,000; p=0,001 dan  p=0,031). Hanya lingkar lengan atas yang didapatkan hubungan yang bermakna dengan adanya riwayat jatuh (p=0,000). Didapatkan hubungan yang bermakna antara latihan dengan sarkopenia (p=0,031) dengan OR 1,73 CI 1,007-2,885, sehingga dapat dihitung probabilitas subjek yang tidak melakukan latihan akan mengalami sarkopenia sebesar 63,37%.

Kata Kunci:Kekuatan otot, latihan, massa otot, riwayat jatuh , sarkopenia

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Published

2014-03-05

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Research Article

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