Antidiabetic Effect of Urena lobata: Preliminary Study on Hexane, Ethanolic, and Aqueous Leaf Extracts
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.jkb.2018.030.01.1Keywords:
Urena lobata, hyperglycemia, diabetic rats, insulin, aqueous extractAbstract
Chronic hyperglycemia is one of the signs of human type-2 diabetes mellitus due to insulin resistance and depletion. This study aimed to evaluate hexane, ethanolic, and aqueous leaf extracts of Urena lobata as antihyperglycemic agent. Design of this study was a post-test only control group using 25 male Sprague-Dawley rats divided into 5 groups. High fructose diet (HFD) ad libitum and single dose of intraperitoneal streptozocin (STZ) (25 mg/kgBW) were administered to induce diabetes in rats. Three groups of the diabetic rats orally received 500 mg/kgBW of only a type of leaf extract of U. lobata for 4 weeks. Insulin serum levels were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. Size, shape, and density of the islet cells were observed by light microscope. Blood glucose level and the area under curve (AUC) of serial oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) were measured. The U. lobata leaf extracts of three types of solvent all increased serum insulin level and improved β cells condition, also decreased the AUC of the OGTT series in diabetic rats. Values were compared with untreated diabetic rats (p<0,05). The aqueous leaf extract of U. lobata was the best in increasing insulin serum level, recovering islet cells condition, and correcting blood glucose level. The hexane extract showed poor results when compared to the other soluble agents.
Downloads
References
Uddin MB, Steinbauer MJ, Jentsch A, Mukul SA, and Beierkuhnlein C. Do Environmental Attributes, Disturbances and Protection Regimes Determine the Distribution of Exotic Plant Species in Bangladesh Forest Ecosystem? Forest Ecology and Management. 2013; 303: 72–80.
Ali SL, Babu SS, and Madhuri DB. A Pharmacological Review of Urena lobata Plant. Asian Journal Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research. 2016; 9(2): 20-22.
Dhanapal R, Ratna JV, Gupta M, and Sarathchandran I. Preliminary Study on Antifertility Activity of Enicostemma Axillare Leaves and Urena lobata Root Used in Indian Traditional Folk Medicine. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine. 2012; 5(8): 616-622.
Mazumder UK, Gupta M, Manikandan L, and Bhattacharya S. Antibacterial Activity of Urena lobata Root. Fitoterapia. 2001; 72(8): 927-929.
Onoagbe IO, Negbenor EO, Ogbeide VO, et al. A Study of the Anti-diabetic Effects of Urena lobata and Sphnenostylis stenocarpa in Streptozocin-induced Diabetic Rats. European Journal of Science and Research. 2010; 43(1): 6-14.
Islam MT, Ibrahim M, Ahsan MQ, Chowdhury MMU, Hossain MA, and Rashid MA. Phytochemical and Pharmacological Investigations of Uraria lagopodies DC. and Urena lobata L. Dhaka University Journal of Pharmaceutical Science. 2012; 11(1): 65-69.
Purnomo Y, Soeatmadji DW, Sumitro SB, and Widodo MA. Anti-diabetic Potential of Urena lobata Leaf Extract through Inhibition of Dipeptidyl Peptidase IV Activity. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine. 2015; 5(8): 645–649.
Omonkhua AA and Onoagbe IO. Long-term Effects of Three Hypoglycaemic Plants (Irvingia Gabonensis, Urena Lobata and Carica Papaya) on the Oxidative Status of Normal Rabbits. Biokemistri. 2012; 24(2): 82-89.
Sipai BS, Bindu MD, and Subba RD. Anxiolytic Antidepressant and Anti-Inflammatory. International Journal of Pharma Research and Health Science. 2016; 4(4): 1284-1290.
Mathappan R, Prasanth VV, Jolly CI, and Somanath M. Comparative Study on the Antibacterial Activity of the Methanolic Extract of Urena Lobata Root and a Standard Marketed Herbal Formulation. Journal of Pharmaceutical Research. 2010; 3(5): 953.
Togashi Y, Shirakawa J, Okuyama T, et al. Evaluation of the Appropriateness of Using Glucometers for Measuring the Blood Glucose Levels in Mice. Scientific Reports. 2016; 6: 1-9.
Schwartz S. Evidence-Based Practice Use of Incretin-Based Therapy in the Natural History of Diabetes. Postgraduate Medicine. 2014; 126(3): 66-84.
Hoang DO and Thorn P. Insulin Secretion from Beta Cells within Intact Islets: Location Matters. Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology. 2015; 42(4): 406–414.
Punjabi P, Mathur P, Gupta RC, et al. Autonomic Dysfunction in Asian Indian T2DM Patients is Related to Body Fat Content Instead of Insulin Resistance: A DEXA Study. Journal of Basic & Applied Sciences. 2014: 10; 212-219.
Molina J, Rodriguez-Diaz R, Fachado A, Jacques-Silva MC, Berggren PO, and Caicedo A. Control of Insulin Secretion by Cholinergic Signaling in the Human Pancreatic Islet. Diabetes. 2014; 63(8): 2714–2726.
Edholm T, Degerblad M, Gryback P, et al. Differential Incretin Effects of GIP and GLP-1 on Gastric Emptying, Appetite, and Insulin-Glucose Homeostasis. Neurogastroenterology and Motility. 2010; 22(11): 1191–1200.
Bernhoft A. Bioactive Compounds in Plants: Benefits and Risks for Man and Animals. Proceedings from a Symposium Held in Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters. Oslo, November 13-14, 2008.
Ndam LM, Mih AM, Fongod AGN, et al. Phytochemical Screening of the Bioactive Compounds in Twenty (20) Cameroonian Medicinal Plants. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Science. 2014; 3(12): 768-778.
Singh D and Singh VS. Isolation and Characterization of Flavonoids in Urena lobata Leaves. European Journal of Medicinal Plants. 2016; 11(1): 1-6.
Chebil L, Humeau C, Anthoni J, Dehez F, Engasser JM, and Ghoul M. Solubility of Flavonoids in Organic Solvents. Journal of Chemical and Engineering Data. 2007; 52(5): 1552-1556.
Ihara Y, Toyokuni S, Uchida K, et al. Hyperglycemia Causes Oxidative Stress in Pancreatic β Cells of GK Rats, a Model of Type2 Diabetes. Diabetes. 1999; 48(4): 927-932.
Kawahito S, Kitahata H, and Oshita S. Problems Associated with Glucose Toxicity: Role of Hyperglycemia-Induced Oxidative Stress. World Journal of Gastroenterology. 2009; 15(33): 4137-4142.
Lenzen S, Drinkgren J, and Tiedge M. Low Antioxidant Enzyme Gene Expression in Pancreatic Islets Compared with Various Other Mouse Tissues. Free Radical Biological Medicine. 1996; 20(3): 463-466.
Hollander P. Anti-Diabetes and Anti-Obesity Medications: Effects on Weight in People with Diabetes. Diabetes Spectrum. 2007; 20(3): 160-165.
Adewale AO, David AK, Abiodun OO, and Craig OA. Studies on Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, and Phytochemical Analysis of Urena lobata Leaves Extract. Journal of Physical and Natural Science. 2007; 1(2): 1-9.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
